Resilience Enhancement of Urban Low-Altitude Transportation Infrastructure Under Extreme Weather: A Smart Collaborative Governance Framework Based on Digital Twin and Multi-Agent Coordination

Abstract

With the frequent occurrence of global extreme weather events (such as typhoons, heavy fog, and extreme cold), urban low-altitude transportation infrastructure is facing severe resilience challenges, including reduced operational stability, increased safety risks, and delayed emergency response. Traditional resilience improvement strategies rely on passive reinforcement and post-disaster repair, which are difficult to meet the dynamic risk management needs of low-altitude transportation systems under complex extreme weather conditions. This study proposes a smart collaborative governance framework integrating digital twin (DT) technology and multi-agent coordination (MAC) mechanism, aiming to realize proactive risk prevention, real-time response, and efficient recovery of low-altitude transportation infrastructure under extreme weather. Based on the technical advantages of digital twin in full-cycle simulation, real-time monitoring, and risk prediction, and the collaborative advantages of multi-agent (government, enterprises, emergency departments, and the public) in resource integration and rapid response, this study constructs a three-dimensional resilience enhancement system covering risk identification, dynamic response, and iterative optimization. Empirical verification is conducted through case studies of typhoon-prone cities (Shenzhen, China) and heavy fog-prone cities (Hamburg, Germany), and the effectiveness of the framework is evaluated using the resilience evaluation index system including resistance, recovery speed, and adaptability. The research results show that: (1) The digital twin-based extreme weather simulation system can improve the accuracy of low-altitude transportation risk prediction by 72%-85% and shorten the risk identification time by 60%; (2) The multi-agent collaborative mechanism can increase the efficiency of emergency resource allocation by 45%-55% and reduce the infrastructure recovery time by 30%-40% under extreme weather; (3) The integrated application of digital twin and multi-agent coordination can comprehensively improve the resilience level of low-altitude transportation infrastructure, with the comprehensive resilience score increased by 50%-62% compared with the traditional mode. Finally, targeted policy suggestions are put forward from the aspects of technical standardization, multi-agent collaboration mechanism, and emergency guarantee system, which provides a new theoretical framework and practical reference for the resilience construction of urban low-altitude transportation infrastructure under the background of climate change.